Title: Causality
Course: UGQuants (SSPS)

In prior modules of this course, we have looked at the relationships between two variables. We could identify the correlation between two categorical variables by looking at 2-way cross-tabulations and the correlation between two continuous variables by inspecting scatterplots. We also found that there were a number of useful measures that quantified the strength of the respective correlations.

However, it is important to understand that we have not been able to decide on the direction of these relationships: All we could say was that the two variables were associated with each other in a particular way and with a particular strength. In order to assess causality, we need to go further and consider additional qualifications.